Unit-3 Sub Point B Education as process of Socialization-Definitions,Characteristics and qualities

Unit 3 Sub Point –B – c socialization

Socialization is the process by which a child learns to behave in a way that is acceptable in society. As we know a child begins to learn from his mother’s womb and as he grows up he learns so many things including how to behave, at which situation and when behave such a way how to live in society and thus he becomes a social being.

Socialization is a continues process of life-long process. A child is socialized by education, surroundings, social lifestyle in his family etc.

Definition:

“The process whereby persons learn to behave dependently together for human welfare and in doing so experience, social control, social responsibility and balanced personality”

Bogardus

Here Bogardus points out socialization as a continuous process where in a child learns how to behave in society. He learns how to live with rules and regulations and what is his responsibility as a social being in the society and he experiences various aspects of social life and in doing so he develops a balanced personality as a social being so in short socialization is a process which completely socializes a child and prepares him as a social being to live among society.

“Socialization is a process by which the individual is adapted to his social environment (by attending social conformity) and becomes a recognized, co-operating and efficient member of it.”

-Drever

Drever is of the opinion that socialization is a process in which a child / an individual learns how to modify his social environment around him that means through the process of socialization he becomes aware about changes took  place in society and he learns how to cop-up with change. And as a social being he is in a position to change some traditional, orthodoxy existed in the society. Socialization makes him aware about social norms, rights and makes him accountable, responsible and socially aware so that he decided his ultimate goal and contributes to the society.

“I value individual freedom but you must not forget that man is essentially a social being and socialization is a process of making a social being.”

-Gandhiji

Gandhiji put emphasis on an individual who is a part of society. Like education, socialization makes an individual a social being.

“Socialization and individualization are the two sides of ‘a single process’.

- MacIver

Here MacIver focuses on the process of socialization which is similar to individualization that means as an individual gets education and he learns from experiences, social climate of society, experiments done by him and become a productive citizen the same as socialization prepares an individual and turns an individual from a human being in to a social being so that MacIver considers socialization and individualization are the two sides of single process or two sides of the same coin.

Characteristics of Socialisation:

Socialization is a continuous process because and individual begins to socialization himself from his mother’s womb to the tomb that means as he educates himself from cradle to grave the same as a child begins to learn how to behave from his prenatal period up to his end so socialisation is also considers as a life- long process.

Socialisation is a natural, yet deliberate process. No doubt a child starts learning how to behave from his surrounding, experiences, observations but many times in his life he must learn how to behave professionally and as a good human being and at which condition. So he learns there things intentionally mean with his own interest he takes to socialize himself and be a perfect social being.

Socialisation is an unconscious and conscious process. It is an unconscious because a child is affected by his surroundings and he is socialized by the family and society but it is also decided as a conscious process because a child learns from education and his conformation with different kinds of people and he himself becomes aware about how to behave systematically with balanced mindset. So socialisation is both unconscious as well as conscious process thereby child socializes him.

Socialization is a process which prepares an individual as a worthy member of society. Through this process an individual becomes aware about society, its norms, cultural heritage, rules and regulation etc. To be a worthy social being is a motto of this process socialisation.

Socialisation moulds an individual and makes him socially aware so in a way it improves the society because an individual is a part of society and if every individual gets socialized then ultimately a society gets socialized. This process is affected by different agencies existed in society including school, media, family, community, peers etc. It provides a social exposure to an individual. So that an individual can flourish the roof of society that means he becomes a socially aware and he can experience social norms and customs only then and then he can express his ideas and innovative thoughts to change the traditions, beliefs inherent in society. He becomes an independent social being to select his roles as a son, as a brother, as a father etc. And he can make choices which are very importance in his life.

Qualities of Social being :

An individual who is living in a society willy-nilly turned into a social being and there are some important qualities which make a difference between an individual and a social being which are as under...

The foremost quality of a social being is an individual who must be socially aware that means he must know which are the set norms and customs exist in society, only then and then he becomes socially responsible social being.

A social being must have sense of accountability so that he can explain what he did, does and will do in respect to society and what the reasons behind his made decisions are.

A social being should have some set of values through which he can live with peace and harmony among others. Having set of values like love, devotion, co-operation, honesty etc. He can make himself inspirational social being.

A social being must have concern for others so that he can help others and live as a co-operation in the society.

A social being must be honest towards rules and regulations of the society and the nation.

A social being must be socially independent that means he as an individual must be able to take decisions and must be ready to face difficulties or social changes prevail in the society. They must have risk-taking ability and he should know the importance of adventure in his life “Nothing ventured anything gained.” 

Education as a subsystem of society

Unit-3 B Education as a sub - system of society

Education and society both are inter-related or inter-dependent because both mutually influence each other i.e. complimentary. Without education how we can build an ideal society and without society how can we organize education system systematically that means both are needed to understand. Education helps individuals to learn how to live, how to behave, how to organize everything in their lives so it is an agent which brings change in society or we can say in one line Education is a social change agent. Let us describe the influence of society on education.

Influence of social structure and ideals:

If society is well structured and have ideals than it automatically effects the education. Social structure is generally built in religion, the way of living life, philosophy of members of society, politics, economy and it has some good ideals which help every individual and contribute in society after all educationalist, experts and psychologist are coming from society who mould the education system and make it more practical full-fledged with technologies. So we can find many schools, colleges have different system of teaching and learning. If we compare Indian society with abroad countries societies than we can find the change in education system which is mainly based on social structure and ideals. If a society develops day by day, it automatically brings change in society and society affects education and its ultimate objective is to make productive individual which can be fulfilled on through education. E.g. as we find some schools are followed strict rules and regulation and they have their own ideals i.e. to live simply and follow the values including truth, non-violence, honesty etc.

Influence of political condition :

Society influence political conditions. The one who is political leader coming from society and he/she always followed the set ideals including democracy, equality and he has also some political ideas such as responsibilities, accountability, unity, integration of human being  with values ideals etc. And with those ideals he governs particular area or state and as we know education is related to government. Being a part of it an individual affects the education system. So the political conditions of society bring changes in education system and as we know education helps an individual to achieve political education in society that is why it is said that education is a tool for achieving political education on society.

Influence of Economic condition :

As  we know according to per capita income all citizens are categorised as upper-class, lower-class and middle class  and as per their income they get education from granted and non-granted schools and there citizens will help the society or contribute in the society as per their income. They provide financial support to education. They invest their money in education field and make it concrete with facilities and resources. And thus the education promotes. For further studies many students immigrate in other country and government helps them. If a student who  is coming  from lower class we will go to abroad for further studies . Thus society’s economic conditions influence the education.

Influence of Religious Condition :    

As we find many religious sects in society and they have their own institutions where in each religious sect strictly inform the students to follow the rules and regulation and ideals of particular sect. As per religion knowledge members of society contribute in the field of education. As we find the impact of religion in education society is built on various important values which are strictly inculcate via education. As per society, culture, moral ideals affect the education system and so in education we can find the impact of religion. The set ideals of society such as unity, democracy, and so on are there become of religion which are inculcated through education. And because of religion we can find various castes in society which automatically affect the education system.

Influence of social Thought :

Every individual has their own thoughts, ideology and beliefs and those thoughts, beliefs and ideologies are covered by culture of society. It is said that man is a social animal why? Because he lives in society and he has his own philosophy and ideology according to which he lives and so we see different educational system in different states and in different countries, so the social thought affect education.

Way of Thinking :

Every individual is thinking differently. Everyone has his own philosophy and ideology. The best example of this is the status of English today. Now it is thought from first standard in many schools the same as people migrate from one to another country. So the way of thinking helps in social mobility and it brings change in everything e.g. Today schools infrastructure, way of getting education etc. 

Influence of Social changes :

As we know change provides everywhere or in everything the same as the society is changing day by day. The best example of this is nuclear family. Because of higher level of literacy today we can see the change in school system, or education system. Today in Indian society we can find English medium schools everywhere and the impact of technology in our life. That is why every society becomes a torch of change. In order to reach up to height of social changes skill based programmes, vocational courses are started in education system. As per the change in philosophical and sociological point of view the new syllabus or curriculum implemented in education and thus we also see the development of values.

To sum up, society provides a platform for education or contributes a lot in the education system.

Influence of Education on society

Education plays a very important role in moulding the character of an individual. It is one of the concrete sources from which one get information and knowledge. It affects the society. We can make sense of its effective role from the following points.

1] Preservation and transmission of our social, moral and cultural values.

In Education, through curriculum, students will be acquainted with social, moral and cultural values and teachers make them familiar with values and ideal through different activities, games, story-telling etc. Education makes them familiar with constitution, rules and regulations of citizens and so on. As we find in NPE 1986 major objectives to produce a productive citizen has been fulfilled by education so education preserves our value and it make others to imbibe those values.

2] Awakening of Social feelings

Through education individuals become aware about the importance of unity, love, fraternity and other values. Education makes all people get awakened of being a part of society and how they can contribute the world as society. People know different values and life skills and thus they develop concern for society including social mindedness, values life skills, learning to be, learning to do, learning to know, learning to live together via different activities story telling dramatization.

3] Political development of society

Education makes all aware about rights and duties of all, which are their responsibilities and duties so that they can develop their civic sense. Through different lesson of political leaders and stories education develop ideal leadership quality so that in future citizens can lead t e state as a society.

4] Economic development of society

Education develops skills in individual and makes him a productive citizen. Through education everyone learns how to earn money and as per their qualification he gets job or labour and on the whole with the help of education more or less everyone get work and earn money so due to increasing literacy per capita income will increase As we find govt take help in the form of tax and thus our economy develops. Because of education people migrate in other country and their earning helps to develop society, country. Thus education affects the economic development of society.

5] Social control

Education makes all aware about customs and duties the same as it makes aware about the rules and regulations as we find the rules in Indian constitution. People know how to preserve their lives via education. They make also familiar with crimes. Thus education provides a guideline and it controls all society.

6] Social changes and reforms

Education makes individuals perfects and aware about the rights. So can claim against dwelled superstitions, beliefs which are harmful for them. Through education everyone learn grow to live and how to save from difficulty and how to inculcate values and ideals in their lives and ideals in their lives so they can appeal in court having of felling injustice. Education makes all aware about how to live peacefully and how to face difficulties ion their lives .They become aware about the proverbs like ‘nothing ventured, nothing gained’ so they develop their risk taking attitudes via education.

7] Socialization of a child

Education trains the mind of a child and it teaches him how to inculcate values in his life. It makes the child understand what is society, how he is a part of society, what are his roles in society, how he should behave, how he should interact with others etc. Education helps him to understand who is he? And it develops a sense if a social being in him. In short education socializes a child.

Thus, education produces productive citizens it helps everyone how to flourish and makes them ideal citizens of society. To sum up, Education influences the society.

Nature of Indian Society

Sub Point :Nature of Indian society

Indian society has its own uniqueness in terms of beliefs, traditions, customs, constitutional right, norms, religion ,castes etc…Every society has its own history. It inherits something from its past and that influences its present the same as Indian society has its own history .In order to understand Indian society we should comprehend every aspects of Indian society including its social structure, caste structure, economy, Stratification etc. one by one which are as under.

1] Social structure

The social structure of traditional society was based mainly on the hereditary principle. The members were divided in to hereditary caste groups each with its traditional occupation. People were living together under some roof that means there were living in joint family system. In the ancient period of Indian history, people wanted to attain self realization it was their spiritual goal, and the Indian society is an agriculture society. Agriculture was the main profession in ancient Indian society .Religion has been playing an important role in Indian society. In the democratic Indian society Secularism also become an important part wherein we everyone is free follow his own religion. The forces of modernizations have tended to break the traditional Indian joint family and today we can not find the orthodox nature of Indian society excepting few villages.

2] Caste based structure

The Indian society has differentiated in to hierarchical social order of several castes. The classification of castes in Hinduism mainly based on the hierarchical social order of castes- Brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya and sudra arranged in a descending order of status. Members in each caste –group followed the same hereditary occupation and were socio economically homogeneous and the members of each caste should marry in their own caste. Even though there was caste stratification, people took education from different schools. The class stratification is found even now in almost every Indian community but the rigidity varies from community. We notice the decreasing rigidity in terms of caste everybody’s upliftment only because of education .today no doubt castes inherits in community though people are living together and develop themselves.

3] Multi religious

Indian society is a multi-religious society and every religion has its own importance in Indian society. Indian society is an amalgam of different religious including Hindu, muslim, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhis, Jains, Parsi etc…And all these religious are tied by the thread of democracy and all are living together in harmony and enrich the Indian society.

4] Unilingual or Multilingual society

Indian society is multi cultural society because Indian society accepted every religions and their culture so people have different languages as per their culture. Eg. Hindus speaking Gujarati, a Muslim is speaking Hindi A Bengali has his own Bengali language etc. So Indian society became multilingual society but there is a common language for mutual communication between all i.e. Hindi which is a national language of Indian society .Now English language becomes a link language which joins the people of different states. E.g. Every Indian has at least three or four language skills

5] Multi-cultural society

 In Indian society different religious, linguistic, caste, and class groups have their own culture eg along with Indian culture, Gujarati and Marathi cultures, Hindu and Muslim cultures, urban and rural cultures upper and middle class cultures etc. exist in Indian society is multi cultural society and heterogeneous society in terms of heterogeneous cultures exist in it. Although all are living with harmony and peace.

6] Democratic society

Indian society is democratic society wherein everyone has an equal right to live in society. Everyone is free to follow any religion she/he likes. The system, of government of India is democratic in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives through Indian society is multi cultural all are following the rules and regulations of Indian society and live together.

Justice, equality, brotherhood and liberty are the four pillars of Indian constitution and one should know there four values in order to understand Indian democracy.

7] Developing Economy

In the ancient time, the economy of Indian society was a simple and subsistence economy because it was agricultural society, so everyone’s earning was mainly based on agricultural, Handicrafts, and small trade. The production of the goods and serviced was mainly for the consumption and not for the market. As the time passes Indian economy develop day by day. Modern Indian society is a developing society with the help of developed science and terchnology, economy has become a large scale economy with rural-urban and national as well as international lineages. today we see the impact of liberalisation ,privatization and globalisation on Indian economy and because of this we find the expansion in trade and commerce and business.

8] Status of women

In ancient Indian society women were considered as second sex and their status was lower than that of man. Women only played a role of a housewife and took care of their children, Husband and other family members. In family parents gave more importance to males and they opposed to send their daughters to school after they have reach the age of puberty. They believed that women are born only for playing the role of housewife.

 They give first preference to their male children/ sons. In every activities men were lagging behind because of rigid beliefs existed in ancient Indian society. IN modern Indian society, a good deal of change occurred .Now women are as equal as males. The best example of it is –along with the co-educational institutions, the schools and colleges for only girls have come in to existence. Ion family women have given important place as a mother and as a daughter. She gets higher education and she has been able to enter in to spheres of occupational activities. And in many field women play a role as a role model for alleg Kiran Bedi, an honourable public Inspector.

9] Educational heritage

In ancient Indian society, there was Gurukul system of education. Students got education in ashrams and they lived in huts along with their guru. Guru was considered as their teacher and they were called as Shishyas four or five years of their age they went to take education in ashrams and they got education almost 19 or 20 years then they returned to their home. This was the main system of ancient India but after the arrival of britishers and under their authority the ancient ashrams turned in to open schools and students got the formal education   in school. After ruined of bitishers

Subsystems of Society

Subsystem of society/Dimension of Society

1.   Cultural Dimension:

Culture affects the society. Every society has its own culture and it is based on some rules and regulation. Members of society decide moral values which are to be followed by all in society. As we know people know by their culture. So it becomes very important in society. Which helps in decide every people ideas in their lives and it creates new ideas also. So we can not separate culture from society because they are inter-related.

2. Religion:

Religion provides guideline is a society. People believe in different society though they are living together because they know the value of unity. Religion makes them aware about no difference between men of different religions. It helps in set goals and ideas of people in society. Religion helps people in decide philosophy in their lives and its become societies philosophy. People construct beliefs, thoughts with the help of religion and thus it helps in building spiritual society. Religion makes them familiar with how to live and how to behave with others and it provides knowledge about life and major difference between moksh and living life. So religion influences the society and it contributes in the development of the society.

3. Economy:

Economy measures the standard of living. As per the capita income or individuals’ income society is constructed e.g. as we find upper class, middle class and lower class societies. People live per their income so their requirements are fulfilled only if they earn as per their requirements and savings. Thus economy decides class in society and it contributes to the development of society. E.g. the enlistment of information technology in our society. We make people’s live luxurious life with other technologies.

                      

4. Politics :

Politics is also one of the important dimensions which governs society. Politics frame rules and regulations of different societies. Politics helps people is get comfort in their lives. Every political leader has an aim of service to the people. Politics maintains unity in society. And sometimes it plays an important role in division of country. On the while politics govern on country in which there are different societies and it is there for the welfare of the people who dwell in society. So politics also affects the society and a political leader is coming from a society, who does service for others.

5. Education:

Education plays a major role in building society. Everyone gets education for survival and they learn how to behave, how to live, how to adjust themselves in society. Education nurtures in them all language skills, social skills. People get knowledge only from education and so they are different way of thinking creatively etc. Education changes people’s mind and so they live with different norms, culture, traditions, beliefs and thus society become dynamics. Education makes people aware how to live, how to inculcate values, how to manage everything and so people correspond with each other and expand their relations in different cultures. Thus they are come in contact with the whole nation. So education is the basic thing to live life for the people and its contributes in one and all factors of society, and gives society a different outlook. It covers everything and moulds people life.

Concept of Society and it's Characteristics

Education and society

Concept of society

Society is the fellow feeling, co-operation friendship and sympathy among two or more persons who live together with common feelings, bonds and aspirations. Thus, Society is an organization of persons which guarantees security to the members of their individuality and existence. Society is a dynamic entity. Social entity or society has its own political, economical, cultural and religious ideologies according to which it provides more opportunities to develop each individual in the society.

By nature man is social. His whole life is a gift of society. He has learnt speech, reading, writing and behaving with others from the society. He is indebted to society for his life and development. An individual, isolated completely from society, will not survive for long.

The following points can also be used to explain the concept of Society

 Generally people living together in communities’ .They have same/common life-style, attitude, heritage, common aim, norms, and religion. We are living in a particular society where in we follow rules and regulations, and customs. We have our own purpose, set of aims and religion. We know that a group of people living together is also a society. It does not matter that they have different religion, beliefs and purposes.

Let’s understand in brief the difference between society and community

Community is the combination of two words ’Com’ and Munis’ While com means together and Munis means to serve. It means to serve together. It is a place where people live close to one another in the place where distance they follow the same rules and regulation customs, etc..It is a kind of society. Society is a broad term and community is a kind of it. One sociologist defined community in this way.”A community is the smallest group of territory that embraces all the aspects of society” Dimensions of the society builds a system in the society.

Definitions 

1] Happies

“A society is a kind of community whose members have become socially conscious of their mode of life and united by common sets of aims and values”

Key words: Community, socially conscious, common sets of aims and values

Happies considered society as a community wherein people are aware about their way of living life. They are socially integrated and they have common aims and values. Although, they are different in nature and thought they are united and their integration is nothing but society.

2] Maciver

“Society is the web of social relationship and it is always changing”

¡  Key Words: Web of relationship, changing

¡  In Society we observe people are united with different relation to the members of the society. The moment you joined new community your relation would be changed. There are many relations like friend, brother, sister, uncle which tie people emotionally as well as socially. But these relations are changing because of people‘s different thinking and having different values and aim. But they live together in a form of society so that MacIver called society as the web of social relationships.

3] “It is not a group of people. It is a system of relationship that exists between the individuals of group”                                                                               -Wright

Key words: Group people, system of relation

According to Wrright every individual has relationship with other individuals. They interact with each other which leads to reflection, sharing and thinking amongst them and they decide common aim. They live with harmony only if they have good relations so society is a system of relations of the group.

4] “Society is the union itself, the organization, the sum of formal relations in which associating individuals are bound together”                                              Gidding

Key words: organization, formal relations, individual are bound together

Gidding again pointed out the relationship between individual but these relation are formal by nature that means every individuals is not brother of sister of others but they have that kind of understanding and so they live together and that’s why Gidding suggested society is the union or the organization of individuals. And this integration of individuals is the outcome of their friendly relations.

Note: To explain all the definitions you will quote the example.

Characteristics of society    

1] In society we can find commonness in terms of peoples understanding, their aims, their life style and responsibilities.

2] A society is based on social relationship so people live together in communities there are social rules and regulations which should be followed by all members of society.

3] There is a sense of belongingness between members of society. They live together with a sense of oneness. So unity is the major characteristic of a society. The proverb suggests birds of a feathered flock together.

4. In a society people live with the feeling co- operate that means they co- operate others and help others.

5. Division of labors and social rules.

Ina society everyone has a particular duty to perform as per his level, caste and education, eg, sweepers usually clean the streets. So we can find assigning duties or job or work.

6. Diversity: As it said unity in diversity yes it is there in Indian society. People of different religion, culture live together a society but we can also find diversity in terms of different values, beliefs, life styles and language economy etc. though we are united in diversity.

7. Dynamic: As life is dynamic everything change in society one generation after another generation. So there is change in everything including life style economy language culture way of believing in god different religions, economy and so on .So society is dynamic.

8. Competition: Various types of competition has been found in society every field of survival in the society.

9. Conflict: There are conflict lie in between two neighbors, or for the requirements of justice etc...so there are conflicts both positive and negative. eg environmental organization and global warming are the universal conflict for all societies.